American Express Company Essay Example for Free

American Express Company Essay American Express Company, sometimes known as AmEx, is a diversified global financial services company headquartered in New York City. Founded in 1850, it is one of the 30 components of the Dow Jones Industrial Average. At present, there are 58,300 employees worldwide working in American Express earning annual revenue of $24. 5 billion. Its assets are valued at $124 billion, with $620 billion in annual purchase volume on American Express Cards and $87. 9 million cards-in-force. Each day, American Express makes it easier, safer and more rewarding for consumers and businesses to purchase the things they need and for merchants to sell their goods and services. An engine of commerce, American Express provides innovative payment, travel and expense management solutions for individuals and businesses of all sizes. Most of all, it helps the customers realize their dreams and aspirations through industry-leading benefits, access to unique experiences, business-building insights, and global customer care. It enables its customers to do more and achieve more. The vision of American Express is to work hard every day to make American Express the world’s most respected service brand. â€Å"Living up to our values is our first priority. † They believe in three operating principles they are: Offer superior value propositions to all of the customers Operate with best-in-class economics Support the American Express brand American Express is the worlds largest card issuer by purchase volume. They process millions of transactions daily as the premium network for high-spending card-members. The American Express is also known for helping mall business owners succeed by delivering purchasing power, flexibility and financial control. Adding on to its roles American Express also provides commercial payment tools and expertise that help companies control their spending and save billions of dollars, offer marketing and information management insights that help merchants build their businesses. The American Express employees are customer loyal experts with industry-leading rewards programs and platforms. They operate the world’s largest travel network serving consumers and businesses and are recognized as the most innovative company in our industries. They are dedicated to serving their customers, 24/7, around the world. The Values which they operate on reflect who the company is and what it stands for as a company. They believe in Customer Commitment, Quality, Integrity, Teamwork, Respect for People, Good Citizenship, Will to Win Personal and Accountability. Human Resource Practices at American Express Being a service industry firm, the employees form the base of all its operations and so the company gives a lot of importance to its HR practices which starts from assessing the need for new employees or new recruits. At American Express it starts with Projecting head counts, Assigning requisition number, identifying relevant profiles and estimating the number of candidates. The recruitment process starts with projecting the head counts i. e. by assessing how many candidates are required at a particular point in time in various departments. As per the requirements identified for different departments the company assigns a Requisition Number which differentiates various job requirements from one other. The Requisition Number is a unique code assigned by the company to different jobs which consists of the job description, minimum requirement for the job and the selection criteria. American Express then identifies the profiles that are relevant as per the requirements given by the Requisition Number and then estimates as to how many candidates will actually appear for the selection process. The company uses different sourcing channels for identifying relevant profiles as per its requirements. American Express uses both internal as well as external sources of recruitment. The Internal sources of the company consist of Employee Referral and Internal Sourcing Team under which the HR department asks its employees to refer the suitable candidates as per the job requirement. A candidate selected via an Employee Referral leads to the Employees getting a specific amount as a form of reward for contributing a resource to the Organization. As a part of the External sources the company contacts with External Vendors and Consultants and also goes to colleges for hiring. Beside this the company uses Job Postings also by advertising in job portals like www. Naukri. com, www. monsterindia. com etc. American Express also uses Social Networking Sites for inviting application by posting on www. facebook. com and www. linkedin. com . Beside the electronic media the company also advertise in newspapers like Times of India and Hindustan Times. American Express, for certain type of jobs, also invites walk-ins. After deciding when to hire and selecting different profiles as per the job advertisement given, the company goes for recruitment. For the recruitment process American Express generally prefers face to face interview. Face to face interview is given preference because of the fact that American Express being a service firm needs to test a candidate’s personality , his/her body language as how the person carries himself/ herself and his attitude towards work and also how he/she interacts with people. Face to face interview besides acting as a platform for assessing an applicant on the above mentioned parameters also allows the company to check the data provided by the candidate. The decisions regarding entry level staffing depends upon the attrition level of the company at a particular period of time. The entry level staffing is done in the form of bulk hiring and contacts from employment agencies are also utilized for the same. Wherein the company sends the required qualifications along with the Requisition Numbers for the vacant positions and then these requirements are matched up with the available candidates’ profiles. American Express hires students from across Campuses of local colleges if they are invited for the same by that particular college for recruitment else they don’t go for hiring in campuses by their own judgement. The interviews are usually held on Fridays, but as the need may be, sometimes they are conducted on Saturdays and Sundays as well. The turn ups on weekend drive ranges from 300-350 for Non Voice Requirements and 150-200 for Voice Requirements. For executive hiring American Express has tie ups with employment agencies wherein experienced people are searched for the Organization. Along with executive hiring American Express is into head hunting as one of its processes for executive hiring to have talented pool of people for the organization. American Express also prefers people from IITs IIMs for filling up their executive positions. In case of executive hiring American Express generally sells its profile to have good resources for the organization. Once the selection mode is finalized then the series of face to face interviews gets started as the further steps of selection process. Executive hiring is process which requires time duration of 3-4 months at least. American Express is into Bulk Hiring for Voice Process as well as Non-Voice Process. Apart from Bulk Hiring it is also into Executive Hiring. American Express follows a set process for conducting these various levels of interview. Since the number of turn ups for the Voice Non-Voice Processes are largely high they avoid taking an initial HR Screening Process; the reason behind this is lack of time. The Requisition Numbers that they get have a deadline that need to be met hence a HR Screening Process becomes too time consuming so it is avoided in the cases of Bulk Hiring. American Express is very staunch when it comes to hiring any candidate per se. Hence they believe that a Face to Face Interview interaction would be an ideal way to judge the candidate. The American Express has four Levels of Interview. First, Personal Introduction Round, where the candidate is required to give an elaborate insight into his Educational Background, his past Work Experience, a glimpse into his personality the Attitudes and abilities he possesses. Next step is the Voice Assessment Test for Voice Process and the Written Test for the Non-Voice Process. Wherein the candidates are judged upon various parameters like, their Communication, Accent, Voice Modulation, Pronunciation, Vocabulary, Spelling, Grammer etc. The reason behind doing these tests is to find the right candidate for the right role i. e. f one would suit for a Voice or a Non-Voice Process. The third step is the Operational or the Technical Round. In this the candidate is assessed on the skills that they possess and that are crucial to meet that particular job requirements. The candidate is interviewed on his Technical competencies abilities. Finally, they have something called the Offer Round. It is also called the Salary Negotiation Round. This round is all about the Compensation Discussion, a discussion between the HR Manager the Candidate over the expected compensation the industry set Compensation Level. Once this discussion comes to a pause a final compensation is decided and an offer is rolled out to the candidate. The Levels of Interview slightly differ in the case of Executive Hiring. The First step in Executive Hiring is matching the profile according to the Requisition Number. Here the one thing that we need to make a note of is the fact that, a stringent HR Screening Process is followed, where the HR Manager strictly follows an HR Screening Checklist, to check whether the candidate matches the requirement as has been mentioned in and by the Requisition Number and the Job Description. All the other levels and steps being the same the only difference lies in the fact that they do not take any Written Test or Voice Assessment Test. This Step is eliminated from the process of Executive Hiring. The reason being that, this level generally constitutes of Top Level Management Employees Officials and their mode of operation differs from the base or Ground level Employees. Rest they go through the same levels and steps of the Interview Selection Process. American Express believes in On the Spot job offer for Bulk Hiring wherein once the interview process is completed the candidate is given an offer letter. Executive Hiring or Non Bulk Hiring Offer is rolled out in 2days. (Within which the Candidate’s Confirmation is required). When the company hires the candidates in bulk then the entire process of interviewing to offer takes around 2 days and after the completion all the selected candidates are offered a job-letter. To close each Requisition an Average of 2 months is required starting from the process of selecting the forms, short-listing the candidates then conducting group discussion and PI and finally closing up of interview takes around 2 months. Niche Skills and Top Level Security Profiles take approximately an average of 3-4months. The technical skills which are niche, uncommon and difficult in nature to find takes approximately around 3 months because in this the company looks for a specific quality which can be used for further growth and development of the organization. Profiles of Vanilla Skills take 2 months to close. The American Express conducts a thorough Criminal Background Check, education verification and work experience. All portions of the check are completed before the Employee can begin his/her employment with the Organization. These checks are often used by American Express as a means of objectively evaluating a job candidates qualifications, character, fitness, and to identify potential hiring risks for safety and security reasons. The Background check at American Express is also used to thoroughly investigate the Employees Background and past information in order to get a security clearance. So this background check is extremely crucial in American Express recruitment process. They give huge importance in the same. If any of the above mentioned criteria doesn’t match in this process or a failure to adhere to the background check norms could eventually lead to the cancellation of the Candidates offer and Blacklisting of the candidate. Wherein the company cancels the application of the candidate or the candidate’s selection is being closed. Information’s which are being written in the resume has to be genuine and should be according to the actual background, experience of the candidate and basically those perfect information reflects the personality the ability of the candidate. It is very easy for the candidate to prove or perform the same on the spot and simultaneously differentiate himself as the able candidate for the respective post. The American Express out sources its Background Check process to various firms. These are Syndicate firms which does the background check for its new hires in return for a fee amount. The On-Boarding Process begins when Candidate joins them for an informative first–day orientation where they learn the ins and outs of American Express history and culture. On-Boarding involves integrating and acculturating new employees into the organisation and providing them with the tools, resources, and knowledge to become successful and productive. It is a 2 day process. On boarding includes orientation collection of documents such as the Experience Certificate or Letter, Reference Letter, Educational Documents, Identification Proof etc. Orientation at American Express is a social function which serves as a familiarization programme provided to new employees. It stands as a ‘getting to know us’ programme. So they give information about their policies and working culture means how to work with American Express. In this on boarding process the new joiners are also made to fill various forms such as the provident fund and gratuity. A Separate Training Department with group or individual training in specified areas focused on carrying out assignments connected with related field they are working in which helps in improving the skills and knowledge of the employees. Special training is given to all the candidates from Campus Recruits to Bulk Hires to Executives who are recruited. This training focuses mainly on the rules and regulations the company follows and what all are the objectives the company has to achieve. The Training Methods or Forms of Training that American Express uses are vast. It comprises of Formal Training, for all employees whether they are new hires of existing employees. All and one have to undergo a formal training session in American Express. Another form of Training that American Express follows is Lectures and Classroom Trainings where in the Employees obtain training in a traditional classroom environment as per their convenience and time. It provides the employees with an environment that includes a lab, an instructor, and a structured approach to teaching. Another mode of Training that it follows is Online Training. This method is generally used in case of training the Top Level Officials and Managers. American Express Values every second of its Employees time especially when it is related to the Top management because they are involved with the major operations of the organization. So instead of disrespecting their time by calling them for a classroom session it looks for their convenience. They take up their training programs online which is quicker, simpler and convenient for them. The next form of Training method that they apply is Questionnaire. Where in the HR Manager floats a Questionnaire to it Employees / Trainees and they collect their responses and give them the feedback. â€Å"An unusual method of training its employees but it tends to be more effective than classroom sessions† says Saumyajit K. Pal, HR Manager (MIS Analytics), American Express.

Communication Encourages Learning Essay -- Education Teaching Papers

Communication Encourages Learning The classroom needs to be an open forum in which students and teachers are allowed and encouraged to share opinions and experiences. When this communication breaks down the learning environment also fails. I remember being in the first grade and one of the students in our class was trying to say something to the teacher. Obviously this was not a real stimulating conversation as we were only in the first grade. When the student started talking the teacher became irritated and told the student to stop talking. The student tried again to say something to the teacher, at this point the teacher went ballistic yelling and screaming for the class to be quite and not talk. This teacher proceeded to place the student in the corner to punish her, when the student again tried to say something to the teacher, the teacher tied her to her chair and ordered everyone in the room to stay silent. Observing this display had an enormous effect on all the people in that room. We as students felt that we did not have anything of value to say, and therefore should not speak up. We also learned a fear of reactions that may come by expressing what we had to say. Fortunately since this experience I have not encountered another such teacher, and have had teachers who have gone out of their way to encourage class discussion. I think it is also important for teachers to be aware of the games students are playing. My sister and I can both remember being in grade school and playing game like the farmer and the dell, in this game kids stand around in a circle and one student calls other students into the circle to be a part in the song. The problem with this is that the kids who are quite or shy tend to get left out, and ... ...icate is in the classroom, where they spend most of their time. If people can communicate with each other, and have an understanding that not everyone will agree, then they will be much more productive in life. They will be able to get their point across while at the same time hearing another point of view. This skill is imperative to survival in our growing and changing society. WORKS CITED Cheney, Lynne V. "PC: Alive and Entrenched." The Presence of Others. Comp. Andrea A. Lunsford and John J. Ruskiewicz. New York: St. Martins, 1997 112-123. Hooks, Bell. "Keeping Close to Home: Class and Education." The Presence of Others. Comp Andrea A. Lunsford and John J. Ruskiewicz. New York: St. Martins, 1997 85-96. Rose, Mike. "Lives on the Boundary." The Presence of Others. Comp. Andrea A. Lunsford and John J. Ruskiewicz. New York: St. Martins, 1997 97-111

Critical Thinking and Sexual Decision Making Essay

Answer the following: How do you use the principles of critical thinking in making sexual decisions? Give an example from your own life in which you would use critical thinking to make a decision about sex. Answer with a minimum word count of 200 words. When anticipating what principles of critical thinking in sexual decisions I use it depends on the situation. I need to take into consideration if I am single or in a relationship, also how long I been single or in a relationship for. These things are key factors in how my sexual decision critical thinking is affected. I will use past experiences of when I was single and how I acted are reacted to sexual encounters that that were affected because of my decisions that I made. I have never been the type of person that was going to wait till marriage for sex. My shyness though made it hard for me to experience my first sexual experience. This was due to the decisions I made I was scared of the subject, but acted as if I was not. When I first experienced sex my whole perspective changed, and this altered my decision making for the worse. I was the type of guy before sex that was still caution and always had a condom for protection, just in case it was needed. I did not date much so after the first encounter it was more of something that would happen on occasion. Mt decision making was poorly and my judgments were clouded for the worse. I had no self-respect for myself or the girls I just wanted to get me some. This in return lead me to many problems because I was careless with who I was having sex with protected and unprotected I had no respect for anyone. When I was single and in that time of my life I was experimenting and learning. When I became in a relationship for a short time it made me develop little self-control and respect for myself. Being in a short term relationship though it did not change the fact that I was a human, and in my mind it is human behavior be dominant. This meant that I did not care about occasionally having a affair with the girl that I was with. I felt it was all right because it was in the human nature. Unfortunately that type of attitude stabbed me in my back and my actions got back to me. The girl cheated on me back and I felt ashamed and hurt that she would do that to me. This helped me realize that I was in the wrong and altered my decision making. I am in the present now, and I am in a long term  relationship where my critical thinking in sexual decisions plays a huge role in us staying together. I could be the immature person I was years ago when first introduced to sex, but that would lead me nowhere. A long tern relationship revolves around trust and cheating and being dishonest breaks that trust, and you are left with nothing. I can say the relationship I am in today is all because of my past experiences and learning from my mistakes in the past. I have a daughter now at the age of 22, so I know how important it is to have safe sex. I am responsible now, and do not need another child not till later in life. I have learned that everyone has feelings and cheating is not being dominant, but hurting yourself and the one you are doing it to. The greatest thing I have learned is it is not always what you want, and sometimes you need to change your mood to make your partner happy. After all it is a relationship that means it involves keeping you are your partner happy.

10 Mythical Beasts Inspired by Prehistoric Animals

The Philippine Architecture Spanish Colonial Period

Spanish Colonial Period Chapter Review Arch 117 Abegail Imee R. Enriquez 2012-68836 Spanish Colonial Period How does Spanish Colonial architecture reflect Filipino identity? Discuss the various building types and their relationship to pre-colonial architecture in your arguments. Spanish colonial architecture reflects Filipino identity mostly through the Religious Architecture. As what the world knows, Philippines is the only Catholic country in Southeast Asia; thus, most of our structures all over the archipelago were Catholic Churches due to the influence of Catholicism. Filipino Identity was basically patterned from the Spanish; the way the Filipinos think of standards, the way Filipinos design, and the way Filipinos appreciate†¦show more content†¦Serrao is shipwrecked but struggles on to Hitu (northern Ambon) and wins the favour of the local rulers. Francisco Serrà £os letters to Ferdinand Magellan, carried to Portugal via Portuguese Malacca and describing the Spice Islands, helped Magellan persuade the King of Spain to finance his circumnavigation.[6] Before they met each other, Serrà £o mysteriously died in Ternate at almost the same time Magellan was killed in the Philippines. The Canary Islands During the 15th century, Castile and Portugal became territorial and commercial rivals in the Atlantic western zone. Portugal obtained several Papal bulls which acknowledged Portuguese control over the discovered territories, but Castile also obtained from the Pope the safeguard of its rights to the Canary Islands with the bulls Romani Pontifex and Dominatur Dominus. The Conquest of the Canary Islands, inhabited by Guanche people, began in 1402 under the reign of Henry III of Castile, authorizing under feudal agreement to Norman noblemen Jean de Bà ©thencourt. The conquest only finished when the armies of the Crown of Castille won, after long and bloody wars, the islands of Gran Canaria, La Palma and Tenerife. After the history of the Canary Islands, the first colonial war and world’s partition occur. The first colonial war and world’s partition The Portuguese tried vainly to keep secret about their discovery of the Gold Coast in the Gulf ofShow MoreRelatedResearch Paper About Rizal2146 Words   |  9 Pagesoust, the Spanish colonial government. He is best known for his controversial novel, Noli Me Tangere (Touch Me Not), which, though fictional, alluded to the corruption of the Spanish colonial government and the Catholic Church. He was eventually executed by a firing squad for the part he played in the Philippine Revolution. Rizal is still considered a revolutionary martyr in the Philippines. In 1887, Rizal published Noli Me Tangere. 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Creation vs. Evolution Essay - 1147 Words

Today many scientists would have people to believe that evolution is the only reasonable explanation of the universe. Scientists, like Stephen Hawking, claim that they have proved that evolution is the correct answer to the origins of life and the universe, yet evolution is still a theory. This problem occurs because evolution is not the only answer. In fact, the creation theory offers a more feasible answer to the origins of the universe than the evolution theory does. Creation has the backings of the Bible, an extraordinarily credible book; where evolution provides a theory with many holes in it. Too frequently the Bible is considered a weak argument, but why? When using the Bible as a reference for any argument, the accuracy of the†¦show more content†¦Not only is the Old Testament historically accurate, but also the Old Testament demonstrates knowledge that is undiscovered for centuries after the Old Testament was written. Twice, in Genesis, God told Abraham that his descendants would be innumerable, just like the stars, but up until the time of Galileo, scholars still tried to count the stars. Today scientist know that there are over 100 billion stars in the universe, and counting them would require around the clock counting for 3000 years. For centuries the earth was not always thought of as spherical. Until the time of Magellan, no one was positive that the earth was round. Isaiah and David both mention the spherical shape of the earth. Recently scientists have discovered springs at the bottom of the ocean, but Job talks with God about the springs in the Ocean. The Old Testament is filled with scientific knowledge is has been proven (Pyles). There are countless examples of the Old Testament being correct scientifically, even when the knowledge of the subjects were limited. Why would the creation account be incorrect if the other accounts mentioned in the Old Testament were correct? Although scientist or philosophers did not write the Bible, God revealed this knowledge to the authors so the Bible would be indisputable. Skeptics tend to not credit the accuracy of the Bible and say that the creation narration is just not enough evidence. Evolutionists have theorized that the earthShow MoreRelatedControvery of Creation vs. Evolution in Inherit the Wind, by Jerome Lawrence and Robert E. Lee624 Words   |  3 PagesIn Inherit The Wind, by Jerome Lawrence and Robert E. Lee, is about a big trial in a small town, and a controversial Creation versus Evolution debate. There are many characters with flamboyant and powerful personalities. Among them are: Matthew Harrison Brady, and Henry Drummond. Although all of these influential people are powerful, not all of them have the same amount of power, not only over other people, but over themselves as well. Matthew Harrison Brady is a very powerful, and revered man atRead MoreCreation Vs. 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Creation Essay1654 Words   |  7 PagesEvolution! The theory that every living organism has come from a lesser organism. A theory that claims humans have come from monkeys. This theory, is what’s being taught to our children in school. If a child asks a teacher about the theory of Creation, they are sure to get a response like, I’m not allowed to answer that question, or something along those lines, because schools are not allowed to teach on religious subjects. I guess schools think that evolution is the next best thing. I believeRead More Creation vs. Evolution Essay3066 Words   |  13 PagesCreation vs. Evolution Since the publication of Darwin’s Origin of Species in 1859, there has been a continuous debate in the United States regarding evolution and creation. Recently, this debate has intensified throughout America over the issue of whether or not to include creationism in the public school curriculum either in conjunction with evolution or as a replacement for the theory. With such a volatile subject being argued, there are other issues that are brought up at theRead MoreThe Creation Vs. Evolution Debate1017 Words   |  5 PagesThe creation vs. evolution debate is a question of origins. How did we get here? Were we created or did we evolve randomly? Are we the product of purposeful intelligence or are we merely the end result of countless cosmic accidents? What does the evidence say? Well in this paper I am writing in regards to creation and what I learned and what I believe that is true evidence that God was the one that created us in his image, so here we go. In gen esis 1:1 its tells us in the Beginning God created theRead MoreCreation vs. Evolution Essay2251 Words   |  10 PagesCreation vs. Evolution There has always been a conflict between the religious world and the scientific world. Whether it be when science first challenged that the earth was not the center of the universe as dictated by the Church, or when it was discovered that the earth was round rather than flat. Both these theories today are widely accepted and the rest of society generally ridicules any persons that believe the earth is the center of the universe or that the world

Ban on Lawn Darts in the United States Essay Example For Students

Ban on Lawn Darts in the United States Essay Poor over 30 years, one of the most popular adult recreational activities has also been one of the most dangerous. Lawn darts, or carts, were one of the best selling outdoor recreational activities since the inception in the late sasss (rob carts). All of that changed when on December 19, 1988, the Consumer Product Safety Commission, or CUPS, all lawn darts were banned from sale and manufacturing in the United States. The ajar was 3 scaled up version Of the typical pub dart. It was about 13 inches long and weighed about half a pound. Similar to a pub dart, the ajar had three lactic fins protruding from the base, aluminum or plastic shaft, and a plastic or metal nose in the shape off point. As result of the design and weight distribution, the ajar had the tendency to land nose. First when lobbed into the air. A set of carts included four carts and two targets (rob carts). The rules for carts were simple. Ajar was to be grasped by the nose and lobbed underhand so as to form an arch, and then land upright in a circular plastic ring. The ring was to be placed anywhere from 15 to AS feet away from the opposing player, depending on such circumstances as age, skill level, and availability of land. Because of the design tot ajar, the potential tort injury was great. Even though the ajar was manufactured and sold beginning in the late 19505, the first reported injury was in 1967. The first official notice from the Food and Drug Administration, the FDA, concerning the ajar was a letter from the Buffalo, New York district dated October 20, 1970. The letter revealed that a number of injuries related to carts had come to the agencys notice. The letter also asked that a labeling be revised to clearly caution purchasers and users that this game should not be used by children unless supervised by adults (rob ajar). In November 1 970, despite the cooperation of the ajar manufacturers, the FDA mulled over a proposal of a regulation that would classify carts as a banned hazardous substance. At a conference in late November of that same year, attended by representatives Of the ajar manufacturers and the DEAD, the agency circulated a letter summarizing the results of an investigation of injuries caused by carts. The evidence reported some injuries were due to careless behavior Of adults, while there were quite a few sustained by children in the course of unsupervised actions. rob ajar) From that point on the only restrictions placed on the lawn dart manufacturers were limited to the warnings placed on the packaging. An estimated 12-15 companies produced and distributed these lawn darts from the mid 1 asss through 1989, Lawn darts were sold under the names as lawn darts, warts, yard dart, yard darts, Sears Lawn Darts; model #3210, model #3283, three game combination set model #3284, three game combination set model #3287, and five game combination set. Then on December 19, 1988 the CUPS banned all carts from being sold and manufactured in the United States, Hospital records indicate that an estimated 6,100 people have been treated in hospital emergency rooms for injuries involving lawn darts from 1978 through present. At least 80 percent of the victims were punier than 15 years old, and more than SO percent were ten years old or younger _ More than half of the victims had injuries to the skull, eye, ear or face. In many cases children have lost the use of an eye. Among the injuries were also many cases of cranial punctures, facial lacerations and skull fractures. In many cases the victims were often bystanders. SC) While the ban on carts has had a major impact on the eradication of the game, there are still many individuals who still illegally partake in the activity. Throughout the year there are various ajar tournaments, some with almost 100 participants competing for a substantial cash prize. There are also many website devoted to carts, some With the petitions to resume production and sale. The following four cases show the extent t o which carts can harm. While three deal with injuries themselves, one revolves around a ajar manufacturer who faced restrictions during the early sasss.